豊島邸の歴史｜The History of the Toyoshima Residence
咸臨丸で太平洋を横断した豊島平吉｜Heikichi Toyoshima, Who Crossed the Pacific on the Kanrin- Maru
豊島邸は、咸臨丸(かんりんまる)に水主(かこ)（水夫）として乗船した、豊島平吉の屋敷として知られています。咸臨丸は、万延元年（1869）に勝海舟の指揮で日本船として初めて太平洋を横断して渡米に成功した、江戸幕府の軍艦です。咸臨丸には、操船技術の高さを買われて35名もの塩飽諸島の水主が乗船しており、豊島平吉はその１人でした。その豊島平吉がアメリカから持ち帰ったと伝わるグラスと、豊島家の家宝である三本の刀が、本島の塩飽勤番所跡にて展示・公開されています。
The Toyoshima Residence is known as the former home of Heikichi Toyoshima, who served as a sailor (kako) aboard the Kanrin-maru. The Kanrin-maru, a warship of the Tokugawa shogunate, was commanded by Katsu Kaishū and in 1860 became the first Japanese vessel to successfully cross the Pacific Ocean to the United States. Due to their renowned seamanship, as many as 35 sailors from the Shiwaku Islands were selected to join the voyage, among them Heikichi Toyoshima. A glass said to have been brought back by Heikichi Toyoshima from America, together with three swords preserved as family heirlooms of the Toyoshima family, are now on display at the site of the former Shiwaku Kinbansho on Honjima Island.
廻船業で栄えた本島｜Honjima, Prosperous through the Shipping Trade
当家の由緒は明らかではありませんが、今の主屋は天保三年（1832）に亡くなった初代の西大津屋元三郎が建てたと伝わっています（丸亀市教育委員会、1978）。二代目の豊嶋記兵衛は文久２年（1862）に亡くなっており、その初代と二代目の墓が今も尾上神社に残っています。本島は江戸時代には廻船業を営む家が多く、当家も北西隅の部屋では多数の水主達が寝泊まりしていたと伝わっています。
The lineage of the Toyoshima family is not entirely clear, but it is said that the present main house was built by the first-generation head, Nishiōtsuya Gensaburō, who passed away in Tenpō 3 (1832) (Marugame City Board of Education, 1978). The second-generation head, Toyoshima Kihee, died in Bunkyū 2 (1862), and the graves of both the first and second generations remain today at Onoe Shrine.
During the Edo period, many households on Honjima engaged in the shipping trade (kaisen-gyō), and it is said that in this residence as well, numerous sailors lodged in the northwest room of the house.
豊島邸の主屋｜The Architecture of the Toyoshima Residence
主屋は、木造つし二階建入母屋造本瓦葺の平入形式で、東西棟で南面して建ちます。当家の北側は現在道路ですが、埋め立て前は砂浜でした。入口土間を入った正面は小さい障子戸と簾戸（すど）を入れて土間を表と奥で仕切る点、座敷に前裁（せんざい）（庭）を設ける点、面皮付きの根太天井を用いる点、土間の東の畳の部屋に神棚を置く点など、笠島の伝統的な民家の意匠をよく残しています。
The main house is a two-story wooden structure with an attic space, built in the irimoya (hip-and-gable) style with a tiled roof, facing south along an east–west ridge. While the north side of the property is now a road, it was originally a sandy beach prior to land reclamation.
Architectural features that clearly reflect the traditional vernacular houses of Kasashima include: the use of small sliding shōji doors and bamboo lattice screens (sudo) to divide the earthen-floor entryway into front and rear sections; the provision of a foregarden (senzai) adjacent to the formal reception room (zashiki); the exposed beam ceiling finished with natural, unplaned surfaces (menkawa); and the placement of a household Shinto altar (kamidana) in the tatami room to the east of the earthen floor.
参考文献｜References
◾️真木信夫:『瀬戸内海に於ける塩飽海賊史』、 宮脇書店、 1972
Nobuo Maki: Setonaikai ni okeru Shiwaku Kaizoku-shi (The History of the Shiwaku Pirates in the Seto Inland Sea), Miyawaki Shoten, 1972.
◾️丸亀市教育委員会：『本島町笠島: 伝統的建造物群調査報告書』、 丸亀市教育委員会、 1978
Marugame City Board of Education: Honjima-cho Kasashima: Dentōteki Kenchikubutsugun Chōsa Hōkokusho (Survey Report on the Traditional Buildings of Kasashima, Honjima Town), Marugame City Board of Education, 1978.
◾️井上啓・古川修ほか: 人名制と塩飽大工 島嶼の建築生産（８）、 日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集（北陸）、 1983
Kei Inoue, Osamu Furukawa et al.: Jinmeisei to Shiwaku Daiku: Tōsho no Kenchiku Seisan (8) (The Naming System and Shiwaku Carpenters: Architectural Production in the Islands, Part 8), Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, Architectural Institute of Japan (Hokuriku), 1983.